Back translation technique pdf

Back up to the chair until you feel the chair on the back of your legs. Brace your abdominal muscles, bend at the hips keeping your back straight and use your leg muscles to lower yourself onto the front of the chair. Then scoot back. Standing and Turning To help keep your spine balanced when you stand, imagine a cord running from your head to your Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language. Oblique translation techniques include: Transposition. Modulation. Reformulation or Equivalence. To translate is to change a text from one state or form to another, or to turn a text into one's own or another language. (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 1989: 1) A translation consists of transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the Writing a book about translation, 1 am aware that this is a new profession, though an old practice, and that the body of knowledge and of assumptions that exists about translation is tentative, often controversial and fluctuating. This book is intended to be reasonably comprehensive, that is, to discuss most of Borrowing: one of the most used translation techniques. Borrowing is a common translation technique. It basically means that the translator makes a conscious choice to use the same word in the target text as it is found in the source text. This is usually the case when there is no equivalent term in the target language. 2) translation difficulties; and 3) differences that arise when applying a concept across cultures. Different methods have been developed to standardize translation processes across countries. The t wo most prominent methods are forward-backward translation used by the World Health Organization and the conceptual translation Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. References to this occupation goes back to the first traces of translation which date from 3000 BC (1). We take it for granted that the appearance and the existence of translation was the result of the diversification of Languages and the need of people to communicate. Its importance must have been felt from the beginning of the human civilisation. When translating the UI strings, generally you can follow the syntax the source text and get the accurate and acceptable translation. Please note such pronouns as "you", "your", "we", etc. have not to be translated in most cases. Besides UI strings, literal translation is also suitable for mechanical, pharmaceutical and even commercial materials: This method deals with understanding and re-creating the original text, without inflicting any radical changes; usually this applies to simultaneous and consecutive translation. It keeps the purpose of the original and achieves the desired effect. The function and the genre also remain unchanged, stylistic changes are not to be tolerated. Transposition is the first technique or step towards oblique translation. Oblique translation is another term for free translation where the translator exercises his/her freedom to attain equivalence. It operates at the grammatical level and it consists of the replacement of a word class by another word class without changing