Leprosy pathogenesis pdf

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• Research should be intensified, notably to study disease transmission and pathogenesis, and allow the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as well as the management of leprosy reactions and nerve damage. 12. The WHO Global Leprosy Programme, based in the Regional Office for South-East Asia in There would thus appear to be three factors concerned in the pathogenesis of leprosy ; ( 1 ) the severity of the infection; (2) natural fTHE PATHOGENESI S OF LEPROSY 61 immunity, probably genetic in origin ; (3) racial immunity, certainly genetic in origin . This view brings leprosy i n t o line with other mycobacterial diseases. Pathophysiology of Leprosy. 1. Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) (Lepi: scales on the fish) 1. 2. Discovered by Gerhard Armauer Hansen in 1873 2. 3. Leprosy (Hansen's disease) is a chronic, systemic infectious disease, affecting primarily the peripheral nerves and secondarily the skin, mucous membranes, the eyes, bones, lymph nodes and viscera. 3. Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that has a predilection for the skin and nerves. The disease is clinically characterized by one or more of the three cardinal signs: hypopigmented or erythematous skin patches with definite loss of sensation, thickened peripheral nerves, and acid-fast bacilli The pathogenesis of leprosy is complex and multi-factorial, including genetic susceptibility to the infectious microorganisms M. leprae, molecular mimicry of M. leprae proteins to host proteins, and host adaptive and cell-mediated immunity. Key cellular and molecular components in leprosy include Th1, Th2, T-Regs and Th17 cells, neutrophils and the pathogenesis of leprosy lesions and/or lead to increased susceptibility to leprosy as it is seen with tuberculosis. How-ever, HIV infection has not been reported to increase sus-ceptibility to leprosy, impact on immune response to M. leprae, or to have a significant effect on the pathogenesis of neural or skin lesions to date [30, 31]. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae. M leprae multiplies slowly and the incubation period of the disease, on average, is 5 years. Symptoms may occur within 1 year but can also take as long as 20 years or even more. Leprosy mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper skin and nerves. However, most leprosy patients display a pathogenesis between the two polar forms and are classified as either borderline tuberculoid or borderline lepromatous. Leprosy reactions are common in these immunologically unstable borderline groups and involve an upregulation of the host response to M. leprae antigens [1,2]. the leprosy bacillus targets the peripheral nervous system, leading to the wide variety of clinical manifestations that characterize this mycobacterial infection.18 lesions may affect cutaneous peripheral nerves, primarily the posterior tibial, cubital, medial and lateral peroneal nerves. 19 a superficial perineural osteofibrotic reaction … The pathogenesis of leprosy is still not fully understood. Several studies have been performed on the involvement of T cells i