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Example 1: Five-Column Bent Cap of a Skewed Bridge – This design example Figure 6.9: Local strut-and-tie model at Beam Line 1 (moment frame case) .The purpose of tie beams is to connect pile caps together. Tie beams will not carry any For more information on the design of GRADE BEAM refer :. Arranging several pieces of timber or steel into a structural frame or truss. 2. Universal steel beams. 3. Built-up timber sections with the beam members nailed